Fatigue Behavior of Elastomeric Components: A Review of the Key Factors of Rubber Formulation, Manufacturing, and Service Conditions

Elastomeric materials are often used as components that undergo cyclic loading during application, such as tires, seals, and hoses. For this reason, the long-term performance, or more precisely the crack growth behavior, is of great importance. Even though several studies investigated the fatigue behavior of rubber materials during the last 80 years, this topic is still widely under discussion and remains of great interest among scientists. Mars and Fatemi reviewed the developments of the field in the beginning of 2000, however, this paper considers the overall development including new findings to serve as a guide for further investigations in the field of fatigue of elastomers. For this purpose, the usual measurement methods and their evaluation, as well as the most important factors influencing the fatigue behavior, like the formulation of the rubber compound or the application and testing conditions, are explained in detail. Furthermore, an outlook is given on parameters that still need to be scientifically investigated, such as the influence of filler orientations or the selected manufacturing method, in order to fully understand fatigue crack growth.