TY - JOUR
T1 - Near-infrared spectroscopy in resin transfer molding—determination of the degree of cure
AU - Salzmann, Moritz
AU - Märzinger, Wolfgang
AU - Teuchtmann, Michael
AU - Ravindran, Bharath
AU - Kirschnick, Ulrike
AU - Fauster, Ewald
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is employed to directly monitor the degree of cure of composite material during the curing phase in the resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The composite material consists of natural fibers and an epoxy-amine resin system. The quantitative determination of the degree of cure, α, from the NIR spectra is realized by partial least square (PLS) regression in conjunction with various pre-treatments of the spectral data. As a reference, the degree of cure is determined by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The best PLS model that could be obtained for α is characterized by a determination coefficient of prediction (R²P) of 0.980 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.4 %. While the spectra change during curing according to the literature for each RTM trial, significant differences can be observed between the spectra of different RTM trials. The reasons for this are discussed in detail. The findings show the potential of inline NIR spectroscopy for monitoring α in the RTM process.
AB - Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is employed to directly monitor the degree of cure of composite material during the curing phase in the resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The composite material consists of natural fibers and an epoxy-amine resin system. The quantitative determination of the degree of cure, α, from the NIR spectra is realized by partial least square (PLS) regression in conjunction with various pre-treatments of the spectral data. As a reference, the degree of cure is determined by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The best PLS model that could be obtained for α is characterized by a determination coefficient of prediction (R²P) of 0.980 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.4 %. While the spectra change during curing according to the literature for each RTM trial, significant differences can be observed between the spectra of different RTM trials. The reasons for this are discussed in detail. The findings show the potential of inline NIR spectroscopy for monitoring α in the RTM process.
KW - Bio-composite
KW - Degree of cure
KW - Near-infrared spectroscopy
KW - Resin transfer molding
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85191939917&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00170-024-13671-z
DO - 10.1007/s00170-024-13671-z
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85191939917
SN - 0268-3768
VL - 132.2024
SP - 5557
EP - 5565
JO - International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
JF - International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
IS - 11-12
ER -