TY - JOUR
T1 - Thermal volume expansion as seen by Temperature-modulated optical refractometry, Oscillating dilatometry and Thermo-mechanical analysis
AU - Klingler, Andreas
AU - Gilberg, Maurice
AU - Reisinger, David
AU - Schlögl, Sandra
AU - Wetzel, Bernd
AU - Krüger, Jan Kristian
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/1/14
Y1 - 2024/1/14
N2 - This paper revisits the experimental assessment of the thermal volume expansion behaviour via the novel technique of Temperature-modulated optical refractometry (TMOR) and compares it to two classical dilatometry techniques: Oscillating dilatometry (OD) and Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA). This is done at the example of a model liquid (n-tetradecane, C14H30) and a homogeneous and isotropic, cross-linked epoxy thermoset in the viscoelastic state. It is shown that the thermal volume expansion coefficients of C14H30 obtained via TMOR and OD agree exceptionally well with each other and indeed reflect thermodynamic constants, if certain experimental boundary conditions are met. In the case of TMA analyses of the epoxy thermoset, the measured data was found to be biased rather easily, especially due to the tracking force that induces additional shape changes beyond thermal expansion. The controlled combination of TMOR and TMA allows differentiating between a “true” thermal volume expansion behaviour and additional shape changing effects.
AB - This paper revisits the experimental assessment of the thermal volume expansion behaviour via the novel technique of Temperature-modulated optical refractometry (TMOR) and compares it to two classical dilatometry techniques: Oscillating dilatometry (OD) and Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA). This is done at the example of a model liquid (n-tetradecane, C14H30) and a homogeneous and isotropic, cross-linked epoxy thermoset in the viscoelastic state. It is shown that the thermal volume expansion coefficients of C14H30 obtained via TMOR and OD agree exceptionally well with each other and indeed reflect thermodynamic constants, if certain experimental boundary conditions are met. In the case of TMA analyses of the epoxy thermoset, the measured data was found to be biased rather easily, especially due to the tracking force that induces additional shape changes beyond thermal expansion. The controlled combination of TMOR and TMA allows differentiating between a “true” thermal volume expansion behaviour and additional shape changing effects.
KW - Dilatometry
KW - Epoxy thermoset
KW - Temperature-modulated optical refractometry
KW - Thermal volume expansion
KW - Thermo-mechanical analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85182896734&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108340
DO - 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108340
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85182896734
SN - 0142-9418
VL - 131.2024
JO - Polymer Testing
JF - Polymer Testing
IS - February
M1 - 108340
ER -