Analysis of ground surface displacements in the period 1995 - 2023 at post-mining areas in the Walbrzych region based on the InSAR time series data

This study investigated the ground surface deformation patterns in the Walbrzych post-mining areas (1995–2023), by employing ERS-1/2, Envisat with Sentinel-1 datasets. The Kalman filter and LSTM were employed to fill data gap. The results show a deferential deformation patterns of uplift and subsidence, due to mine flooding and stress redistribution that changes over time. Additionally, the time series results aligned with the expected geomechnical behavior using empirical models. The study highlights the importance of combining empirical methods with forecasting techniques to assess reliable displacement trends and contributes to the advancement of risk assessment and land-use planning in post-mining areas.