Analysis of long-term cost-saving potentials for commercial Power-to-X (PtX) plants

This thesis represents a modelling and simulation framework for the techno-economic assessment of flexible and dynamic large-scale hydrogen synthesis operating under day-ahead market conditions. The core system architecture combines a battery storage system, an electrolysis and hydrogen storage facility within an optimized dispatch environment that must meet fixed hydrogen demand of a renewable hydrogen consumer. The modelling approach is coined by a day-by-day or rolling day dispatch approach, based on mixed-integer linear programming formulation using price signaling and economically benchmarked against a steady-state system with the same delivery requirements. The work includes a reduced-form statistical methodology to synthesize hourly day-ahead prices based on historical trajectory and future scenario anchor data using the Ten-year network development plan to ensure long-term simulation horizons. The model evaluates grid-to-storage and different storage-to-storage interactions to achieve minimal costs, while also considering component degradation and replacement cycles. Results demonstrate that an optimized dispatch operation with short- and intermediate storage assets enabling operational flexibility, price arbitrage and hedging, significantly enhances economic performance measured upon levelized cost of hydrogen and discounted cash flow-based assessment, despite increasing capital expenditures by multiple factors.