Bioinspired fracture toughness enhancement of a fully bio-based epoxy resin

Markus Schwaiger; Christoph Waly; Michael Huszar; Gernot Oreski; Michael Feuchter; Florian Arbeiter; Katharina Resch-Fauster

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108098

Bioinspired fracture toughness enhancement of a fully bio-based epoxy resin

Markus Schwaiger, Christoph Waly, Michael Huszar, Gernot Oreski, Michael Feuchter, Florian Arbeiter, Katharina Resch-Fauster

Chair of Materials Science and Testing of Polymers (210)

Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

In this work, the concept of fracture toughness improvement via spatial variation of mechanical properties is applied to a composite with 100% bio-based carbon content based on epoxidized linseed oil. By proper selection of the hardener, either citric acid or sebacic acid, the mechanical properties were adjusted in a way that a bio-composite exhibits a stiff-soft-stiff layer architecture. Samples with two different thicknesses of soft interlayer (approx. 0.1 mm and 1.3 mm) were subsequently analyzed regarding their final performance. Specimen characteristics, owing to the curing and manufacturing process, were analyzed by means of local Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Fracture mechanics tests were performed to verify if the soft interlayer acts as a crack arrester. The results propose a high chemical compatibility between the used epoxy resins. Embedding a soft thin interlayer into a stiff resin matrix led to an increase in fracture toughness of 13 times, compared to the pure stiff resin. An increase in interlayer thickness led to a further increase in fracture toughness of 24 times. However, the stiffness decreased by 44% and 67%, respectively.

Original language	English
Article number	108098
Number of pages	10
Journal	Polymer Testing
Volume	124.2023
Issue number	July
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108098
Publication status	Published - Jul 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Part of this research work was funded by the Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology in frame of the program “Produktion der Zukunft” under contract no. 871403 , within the context of the project “Semiflexible and flexible composites based on renewable resources”, as well as by the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs in frame of the COMET-program under contract no. 854178 , within the COMET-project 3.S4 at the Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria). The PCCL is funded by the Austrian Government and the State Governments of Styria, Lower Austria and Upper Austria . The funding of Montanuniversitaet Leoben for Open Access publishing is gratefully acknowledged.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors

Keywords

Bio-based epoxy resin
Bio-composite
Epoxidized linseed oil
Fracture toughness
Layered structures
Material inhomogeneity

Access to Document

10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108098

Cite this

@article{83323fd3f5594c158c9a6c9f7a69c174,

title = "Bioinspired fracture toughness enhancement of a fully bio-based epoxy resin",

abstract = "In this work, the concept of fracture toughness improvement via spatial variation of mechanical properties is applied to a composite with 100% bio-based carbon content based on epoxidized linseed oil. By proper selection of the hardener, either citric acid or sebacic acid, the mechanical properties were adjusted in a way that a bio-composite exhibits a stiff-soft-stiff layer architecture. Samples with two different thicknesses of soft interlayer (approx. 0.1 mm and 1.3 mm) were subsequently analyzed regarding their final performance. Specimen characteristics, owing to the curing and manufacturing process, were analyzed by means of local Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Fracture mechanics tests were performed to verify if the soft interlayer acts as a crack arrester. The results propose a high chemical compatibility between the used epoxy resins. Embedding a soft thin interlayer into a stiff resin matrix led to an increase in fracture toughness of 13 times, compared to the pure stiff resin. An increase in interlayer thickness led to a further increase in fracture toughness of 24 times. However, the stiffness decreased by 44% and 67%, respectively.",

keywords = "Bio-based epoxy resin, Bio-composite, Epoxidized linseed oil, Fracture toughness, Layered structures, Material inhomogeneity",

author = "Markus Schwaiger and Christoph Waly and Michael Huszar and Gernot Oreski and Michael Feuchter and Florian Arbeiter and Katharina Resch-Fauster",

note = "Funding Information: Part of this research work was funded by the Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology in frame of the program “Produktion der Zukunft” under contract no. 871403 , within the context of the project “Semiflexible and flexible composites based on renewable resources”, as well as by the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs in frame of the COMET-program under contract no. 854178 , within the COMET-project 3.S4 at the Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria). The PCCL is funded by the Austrian Government and the State Governments of Styria, Lower Austria and Upper Austria . The funding of Montanuniversitaet Leoben for Open Access publishing is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",

year = "2023",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108098",

language = "English",

volume = "124.2023",

journal = "Polymer Testing",

issn = "0142-9418",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "July",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Bioinspired fracture toughness enhancement of a fully bio-based epoxy resin

AU - Schwaiger, Markus

AU - Waly, Christoph

AU - Huszar, Michael

AU - Oreski, Gernot

AU - Feuchter, Michael

AU - Arbeiter, Florian

AU - Resch-Fauster, Katharina

N1 - Funding Information: Part of this research work was funded by the Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology in frame of the program “Produktion der Zukunft” under contract no. 871403 , within the context of the project “Semiflexible and flexible composites based on renewable resources”, as well as by the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs in frame of the COMET-program under contract no. 854178 , within the COMET-project 3.S4 at the Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria). The PCCL is funded by the Austrian Government and the State Governments of Styria, Lower Austria and Upper Austria . The funding of Montanuniversitaet Leoben for Open Access publishing is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors

PY - 2023/7

Y1 - 2023/7

N2 - In this work, the concept of fracture toughness improvement via spatial variation of mechanical properties is applied to a composite with 100% bio-based carbon content based on epoxidized linseed oil. By proper selection of the hardener, either citric acid or sebacic acid, the mechanical properties were adjusted in a way that a bio-composite exhibits a stiff-soft-stiff layer architecture. Samples with two different thicknesses of soft interlayer (approx. 0.1 mm and 1.3 mm) were subsequently analyzed regarding their final performance. Specimen characteristics, owing to the curing and manufacturing process, were analyzed by means of local Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Fracture mechanics tests were performed to verify if the soft interlayer acts as a crack arrester. The results propose a high chemical compatibility between the used epoxy resins. Embedding a soft thin interlayer into a stiff resin matrix led to an increase in fracture toughness of 13 times, compared to the pure stiff resin. An increase in interlayer thickness led to a further increase in fracture toughness of 24 times. However, the stiffness decreased by 44% and 67%, respectively.

AB - In this work, the concept of fracture toughness improvement via spatial variation of mechanical properties is applied to a composite with 100% bio-based carbon content based on epoxidized linseed oil. By proper selection of the hardener, either citric acid or sebacic acid, the mechanical properties were adjusted in a way that a bio-composite exhibits a stiff-soft-stiff layer architecture. Samples with two different thicknesses of soft interlayer (approx. 0.1 mm and 1.3 mm) were subsequently analyzed regarding their final performance. Specimen characteristics, owing to the curing and manufacturing process, were analyzed by means of local Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Fracture mechanics tests were performed to verify if the soft interlayer acts as a crack arrester. The results propose a high chemical compatibility between the used epoxy resins. Embedding a soft thin interlayer into a stiff resin matrix led to an increase in fracture toughness of 13 times, compared to the pure stiff resin. An increase in interlayer thickness led to a further increase in fracture toughness of 24 times. However, the stiffness decreased by 44% and 67%, respectively.

KW - Bio-based epoxy resin

KW - Bio-composite

KW - Epoxidized linseed oil

KW - Fracture toughness

KW - Layered structures

KW - Material inhomogeneity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161262816&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108098

DO - 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108098

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85161262816

SN - 0142-9418

VL - 124.2023

JO - Polymer Testing

JF - Polymer Testing

IS - July

M1 - 108098

ER -

Bioinspired fracture toughness enhancement of a fully bio-based epoxy resin

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Cite this