Charakterisierung von Mono- und Multimaterial-Kunststofffolien mittels FTIR-Spektroskopie

Translated title of the contribution: Characterisation of mono- and multimaterial plastic films using FTIR-spectroscopy
  • Markus Reymaier

Research output: ThesisMaster's Thesis

Abstract

To maintain a high substitution potential, plastics must be characterised and sorted as precisely as possible. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with its various measurement methods is suitable for this purpose due to its short measurement time and non-destructive analysis. In this master’s thesis, plastic films with a known structure (polymer type, layer thickness) were measured without sample preparation, with attenuated total reflection (ATR), and with minimal sample preparation, in transmission mode. Moreover, to increase the variety of samples and determine the transferability to waste samples, artificial laminates were produced by laying different films on top of each. In addition, standard packaging samples (e.g. stand-up pouches or thermoforming films) with industry-typical specifications (polymer type, layer sequence) were measured.
The spectra were analysed qualitatively using MATLAB. For the qualitative analysis, polymer-specific bands were researched and assigned. A total of nine polymer types (HDPE, MDPE, LLDPE, LDPE, PA, PP, EVOH, COC, PET) were detected. The detection of the polymer type depends on the number of polymers used and their layer thickness.
Using the transmission technique, a qualitative distinction could be made between the monomaterial films LLDPE and HDPE. Multimaterial films with the same specific bands made characterisation more difficult. In the course of this work, it was established that LLDPE and HDPE have a maximum determinable thickness of 100 µm and PET a maximum determinable thickness of 13 µm with the spectrometer used (Agilent Cary 630). Therefore, this measurement technique is of limited use due to the polymer-dependent thickness.
When using the ATR technique, it is only possible to differentiate between LLDPE and HDPE to a limited extent. Furthermore, this technique is suitable for the detection of monomaterial films due to the low penetration depth. As such, the determination of multimaterial films depends on the wavenumber and film thickness. For example, it was found that a plastic film with a skin layer of 1 µm PP and a subsequent HDPE core can be detected more clearly than a plastic film with a 2.5 µm skin layer.
Overall, this master’s thesis shows limitations and potentials for the practice of waste characterisation by transferring basic IR spectroscopic knowledge to complex packaging films.
Translated title of the contributionCharacterisation of mono- and multimaterial plastic films using FTIR-spectroscopy
Original languageGerman
QualificationDipl.-Ing.
Awarding Institution
  • Montanuniversität
Supervisors/Advisors
  • Pomberger, Roland, Supervisor (internal)
  • Tischberger-Aldrian, Alexia, Co-Supervisor (internal)
  • Kuhn, Nikolai, Co-Supervisor (internal)
Award date11 Apr 2025
Publication statusPublished - 2025

Bibliographical note

no embargo

Keywords

  • singlelayer
  • multilayer
  • packaging
  • IR
  • polymers

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