Fracture properties of ultrafine grain chromium correlated to single dislocation processes at room temperature

Achieving high fracture toughness and maintaining high strength at the same time are main goals in materials science. In this work, scale-bridging fracture experiments on ultrafine-grained chromium (UFG, Cr) are performed at different length scales, starting from the macroscale over the microscale (in situ SEM) down to the nanoscale (in situ TEM). A quantitative assessment of the fracture toughness yields values of ∼3 MPa m 1/2 in the frame of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) for the macrosamples. The in situ TEM tests reveal explicitly the occurrence of dislocation emission processes involved in energy dissipation and crack tip blunting serving as toughening mechanisms before intercrystalline fracture in UFG body-centered cubic (bcc) metals. In relation to coarse-grained Cr, in situ TEM tests, in this work, demonstrate the importance of strengthening grain boundaries as promising strategy in promoting further ductility and toughening in UFG bcc metals.