Abstract
Refractories are an integral part in high-temperature processes, with European consumption reaching 2.7 Mt in 2022, yielding 326 kt of spent refractories (SR) from steel casting ladles and 74 kt from cement rotary kilns. This contribution addresses the lack of current data on SR generation by applying a mathematical approach using specific consumption values and process loss rates from surveys. By integrating this equation with geospatial and production data of industrial sites, the spatial distribution of SR in Europe is mapped—supporting more effective planning and implementation of future recycling strategies.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Engineering of Dongguan University of Technology |
| Publication status | Published - Jun 2025 |
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